有关waterview tunnel的 成本，我真的不知道是便宜还是贵。但我知道，不能简单的拿两个不同项目来比较单位造价，因为影响因素有很多。两部车，5000和50000，真说不好是那个贵哪个便宜，因为还要考虑年份，里程，质量，空间，品牌，各种因素吧。
找到这篇，讨论crl的，可以参考
https://www.greaterauckland.org.nz/2016/10/05/the-costs-of-tunnelling/
1.
不同的国家 的 项目之间，成本差异可能很大。最大最小的 可以差100倍。
For reference, here’s a subset of the data for 19 projects, including the City Rail Link. This shows a few important facts: - First, project costs vary more between countries than within countries – all of the projects in the US are ludicrously expensive, all of the projects in Japan are mid-pack, and all of the projects in Spain, Italy, and South Korea are cheap.
- Second, there is basically no correlation between project scale and per-kilometre costs. It isn’t necessarily cheaper (or more expensive) per kilometre to build longer tunnels. However, there are likely to be other economies and diseconomies of scale that are harder to observe, such as crowding-out when trying to complete too many projects at the same time.
| Rank | Project | City | Tunnel length | Approximate cost per kilometre (million 2010 USD) | | 1 | East Side Access | New York (US) | 2km | $4,000 | | 2 | Second Avenue Subway Phase 1 | New York (US) | 3km | $1,700 | | 4 | Crossrail | London (GB) | 22km | $1,000 | | 7 | Central Subway | San Francisco (US) | 2.7km | $500 | | 8 | Singapore Downtown MRT Line | Singapore (SG) | 42km | $490 | | 10 | Amsterdam North-South Line | Amsterdam (NL) | 9.5km | $410 | | 11 | City Rail Link | Auckland (NZ) | 3.4km | $410 | | 12 | Budapest Metro Line 4 | Budapest (HU) | 7.4km | $360 | | 13 | Toei Oedo Line | Tokyo (JP) | 40.7km | $350 | | 14 | Nanakuma Line Extension | Fukuoka (JP) | 1.4km | $320 | | 20 | Paris Metro Line 14 | Paris (FR) | 9km | $230 | | 26 | Copenhagen Circle Line | Copenhagen (DK) | 15.5km | $170 | | 27 | Barcelona L9/10 | Barcelona (ES) | 47.8km | $170 | | 33 | Naples Metro Line 6 | Naples (IT) | 5km | $130 | | 34 | Milan Metro Line 5 | Milan (IT) | 5.6km | $110 | | 39 | Seoul Sin-Bundang Line | Seoul (KR) | 18km | $90 | | 41 | Helsinki Westmetro | Helsinki (FI) | 13.5km | $70 | | 42 | Seoul Subway Line 9 | Seoul (KR) | 27km | $40 | | 43 | Barcelona Sants-La Sagrera Tunnel | Barcelona (ES) | 5.8km | $40
|
2. 具体的一个例子，某两个项目的 比较，加拿大 vs 西班牙，单位成本差一倍。具体因素有
- 环境影响 No environmental assessment was conducted on MetroSur
- 安全设施 The standards for fire safety are more stringent on Sheppard
- (不大明白）Stations are 50% longer on Sheppard
- 7x24 还是 5x12 工作Non-tunnel construction was undertaken 5×12 on Sheppard, compared to 7×24 on MetroSur
- 单隧道还是双隧道？Sheppard was built with dual tunnels, MetroSur with a single tunnel. Mr Munro says “the trains in Madrid are smaller and require a smaller combined tunnel than would be the case in Toronto. Single tunnels eliminate the need for cut-and-cover box structures at crossovers and effectively reduce the scope of excavation at stations where these crossovers are located”.
- （不懂）The use of cut-and-cover tunnelling on Sheppard was confined to stations, but it was used for 30% of MetroSur
- 地质，这个挺重要也好理解It was more expensive to tunnel through the glacial rocks and streams of Toronto than the compacted sand of Madrid
- 一个是单独的项目，一个是一整套项目里的 一环，有成本优势。MetroSur provided greater economies of scale as it was one of a number of projects. “Construction activities simply moved from one project to another rather than being reconstituted for each expansion, and more of the design was done during construction.”
- （不懂）Sheppard has two large interchange stations over its 6.4 km, whereas MetroSur has five interchanges over its 40.5 km
Physical factors like geology explain a lot of the difference between Sheppard and MetroSur, but so too do standards. Community expectations on a range of variables – for example environmental standards, engineering and operating standards, safety standards, the level of citizen input – appear to be key drivers of higher costs in Toronto. It seems there is a very strong commitment in Madrid ‘to get on and get it done’.
| 
发表于 2017-7-5 21:55:24
分享
收藏
