共同拥有”与“拥有共同”的大区别

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霍建强（Raymond Huo）律师曾任全国最大英文报《纽西兰先驱日报》文字记者，目前就职于具有百年历史的著名律师楼Hesketh Henry Lawyers。

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Joint tenants or Tenants in common – Consequences
“共同拥有”与“拥有共同”──财产拥有权方式与财产继承

[1] The difference between owning property as tenants in common or as joint tenants often causes confusion.
拥有财产的两种方式──姑且译作“共同拥有”和“拥有共同”──常常引起混淆。Joint Tenants
“共同拥有”

[2] If you own property as a joint tenant with another person you jointly own the whole of the jointly owned property.
“共同拥有”指的是你和另外一方共同拥有该共有财产的全部。

[3] Bank accounts, properties, shares and other assets can be owned jointly. Jointly owned assets do not form part of your estate when you die. The whole of the property passes to the survivor.
银行存款、不动产、股票及其它财产均能共同拥有。共同拥有的财产在一方拥有人过逝之后并不成为该拥有人之遗产。共同财产的全部转到幸存的共有人（即另一方）名下。Tenants in Common
“拥有共同”

[4] Property owned in common with another person (a tenancy in common) is owned together but in separate defined shares and can be dealt with separately. When you die your defined share of the property owned in common is dealt with according to your will.
如果与另一方共同拥有但各自拥有明确份额并且可以分别处置的则为“a tenancy in common”，为方便起见，译为“拥有共同”。如果一方过逝，他/她所有拥有的那部分财产则依其遗嘱处置。What is Appropriate for You?
何种方式适合你？

[5] This will depend on your circumstances. The ownership structure should be tied into your will. If you want your share of the property to be dealt with under your will the property must be owned as a tenancy in common.
依各人情形而定。拥有权结构应在遗嘱里交待清楚。如果你希望共同财产中你所拥有的部分能够依你的遗嘱处置，那应必须是“拥有共同”方式。

[6] For example, if Bill and Mary own a house as joint tenants, upon Bill’s death Mary, as the survivor, will own the house. If Mary should enter into a new relationship and her new partner lives in the home, after three years the home will become relationship property. The new partner will be entitled to half.
举例说明，如果比尔和玛丽以“共同拥有”方式拥有一幢房子，比尔死后玛丽作为幸存方则拥有该房产的全部。如果玛丽与他人建立新的关系并同居此房，三年后，该房便成为“关系财产”（旧称“夫妻共同财产”）。关系财产人（即玛丽同居的那个人）有权分其一半。

[7] If Bill and Mary own the house as tenants in common then Bill’s share of the house will pass according to his will. If, for example, Bill’s will provided that Mary can live in his share of the house through her lifetime and then upon her death the house goes to Bill’s children, Bill’s share does not become relationship property if Mary enters a new relationship. Bill’s children can ultimately receive his share of the house.
如果比尔和玛丽以“拥有共同”方式拥有，比尔拥有的那部分则按其遗嘱处置。譬如说，如果比尔遗嘱规定玛丽可以全部占有他拥有的那部分（也就是说可以终生住在这所房子里）但死后那部分财产由比尔子女继承，那么比尔所拥有的部分不会因玛丽和他人产生新的关系而变成“关系财产”。比尔的子女最终能够继承比尔所拥有的那部分财产。


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