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本帖最后由 nb0580 于 2021-11-24 21:22 编辑
我不是法科生出身,也不是移民顾问之类的,可能有误:
初级立法:
Immigration Act 2009 - Section 33 (1)
Classified information may be relied on in making decisions or determining proceedings under this Act if the Minister determines that the classified information relates to matters of security or criminal conduct.
(我理解的大致意思是:出于安全与犯罪考量,保密信息可以被作为做出结论或者确定侦讯的依据。)
Classified information(保密信息,不知道这个翻译合适不合适)在Immigration Act 2009 - Section 7里有定义,太长,大致看了下,就是移民局委托相关机构(relevant agency)获取的信息,而且不会对外披露。但是注意一个措辞“may be relied on”,在中国的司法语境中是“可以/应当”,不是must(“必须”),这就可能赋予了移民局一定的自行斟酌的权力。
relevant agency在Immigration Act 2009有定义,包括:
(a) Aviation Security Service: (机场安全服务,有谁可以翻译更好一些,总感觉别扭)
(b) Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand: 新西兰航空管理局
(c) Department of Corrections: 新西兰惩教署
(d) Department of Internal Affairs: 新西兰内政署
(e) Department of Labour: 新西兰劳工署
(f) Government Communications Security Bureau: 新西兰政府通信安全局(间谍机构)
(g) Maritime New Zealand: 新西兰海事局/新西兰海事安全局
(h) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: 新西兰农林部
(i) Ministry of Fisheries: 新西兰渔业部
(j) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade: 新西兰外交与贸易部
(k) New Zealand Customs Service: 新西兰海关
(l) New Zealand Defence Force: 新西兰国防军
(m) New Zealand Police: 新西兰警方
(n) New Zealand Security Intelligence Service: 新西兰安全情报局(间谍机构)
(o) a government agency established in substitution for or set up to take over any function of a department or agency listed in paragraphs (a) to (n)
Immigration Act 2009 - Section 42
No complaint may be made to the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security about any situation or set of circumstances relating to an act, omission, practice, policy, or procedure done, omitted, or maintained (as the case may be) in connection with a decision under this Act involving classified information (including a determination in proceedings involving classified information).
这个神秘又强大的Inspector-General是谁?维基百科一下吧:
The Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security is the official responsible for supervising New Zealand's two main intelligence agencies: the Security Intelligence Service (SIS) and the Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB).
原来是东厂西厂锦衣卫的总头目,失敬失敬!
你要是有空可以去看Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security Act 1996,里面有最详细的解释。
(我理解的大致意思是:对于安全情报机构依据本法做出的任何事情,任何个人或者机构的投诉都不用理睬。事关国家安全,没办法。可能你会说这里不是写着只是Inspector-General吗?这是新西兰这里常见的法律中的表述方式,员工是依据法律授权代行局长的特定某一项或者几项职权,对外签发文件时候都是代表局长行事,有法律效力的文件下方签字完后会加上under the delegation...............,所以不得投诉Inspector-General,就是说没法投诉她/他领导下的所有安全部门。)
所以你找律师没用,一旦进入NSC流程,就必须由他们完成,还没法投诉。连移民官都被晾一边,律师就更别扯了,移民中介连人家余光撇一下的视线都进不了。
二级立法:
Immigration (Visa, Entry Permission, and Related Matters) Regulations 2010 - Section 5 (2)
An application must be—
(a) made on the approved form; and
(b) completed in English; and
(c) signed by the applicant (unless the applicant is less than 18 years old, in which case it must be signed by a parent or guardian of the applicant); and
(d) given to an immigration officer together with the following material:
(i) the applicant’s passport or certificate of identity or, if that is unavailable, his or her original full birth certificate (or a certified copy) or other identity document (or a certified copy); and
(ii) 2 passport-sized photographs of the applicant’s head and shoulders; and
(iia) [Revoked]
(iii) the information and evidence required by the relevant immigration instructions to demonstrate that the applicant fits the category or categories of immigration instructions under which the application is being made; and
(iv) any other information, evidence, or submissions that the applicant considers shows that he or she is eligible to be granted a visa in terms of the immigration instructions; and
...........(太多,不列出来了)
(我理解的大致意思是:移民局,依据这个法规,来问你要的信息、让你填的表格,你就必须提供。)
问你要完信息送哪儿去?看上面的那些relevant agency,人家会核实真实性,会调查等等,下面会讲到。
实践流程:
Immigration New Zealand Operational Manual - Residence - A5.1
Applicants for all visas must:
a. be of good character; and
b. not pose a potential security risk.
If any person included in the application fails to meet the necessary character requirements and the character requirements are not waived, the application may be declined.
(我理解的大致意思是:签证申请人需要有良好品行而且没有潜在的安全风险才可能获批。)
看初级立法:matters of security or criminal conduct,两个方面:security和criminal。
然后详细到具体操作流程里,这两个方面被解读为:be of good character(没有犯罪记录,犯罪倾向性较低),这个就是楼主说的派出所的那些记录,只能证明你品行良好,另外还有not pose a potential security risk(没有对国土安全的风险)
所以两方面是同等重要的。
从哪儿可以知道申请人没潜在的安全风险?答案从relevant agency里去找,那些部门可以告诉移民局你有没有案底,有没有风险。那些部门会对申请人作比较详尽的调查。但是那些部门怎么获知你曾经的信息?比如你以前国内住地所属的有关部门,他们之间可能会接洽,比如你是北京西城区的,人家说不准找西城大妈们去聊聊,又比如你是北京朝阳区的,人家可能拉个朝阳群众去唠唠你的事儿,都是猜测哈,不用当真。
所以综上所述,大多数签证申请人,至少居民签证级别的申请,基本都要被NSC,但是法律还是给移民局留出了一定的弹性空间,当然这种弹性很可能释放给那些腕儿级别的人,比如国外贪官游说新西兰当地议员作保啦等等,对我们这些普通人基本不会给这种弹性。
说了那么多,等吧,移民局自己都控制不了的事情,申请人更没办法了。而且跟被调查人的经历很相关,经历越丰富越久。个人窃以为,在当前反恐大潮下,这个调查只会加强不会削弱。 |
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