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我家孩子这两天出水豆了。。。CHICKEN POX
介绍一下这种病。 这是一种病毒导致的， 所以， 抗生素是没有用的。 在新西兰90%的孩子或早或晚都会生过。 在传染到病毒后， 有10到21天的潜伏期。 之后，症状先是像感冒一样， 有鼻涕， 有发烧，24 到48小时后， 就开始出疹子。 刚出的疹子，就像一般发烧的那种， 但是过几个小时后， 疹子就越来越大， 里面有水， 可以看得到， 还会破裂。。。从头， 脸， 到身体， 生殖器上都会有。。。
这种是高传染的病， 所以， 孩子在没有完全康复前， 不能跟其他小朋友接触， 一般要7到10天才好。 好了之后， 基本上就有抗体了。。
一定要带孩子看医生，医生会给配一种叫CALAMINE的药水， 涂在疹子上， 主要是抗菌收干的作用。也会给放在洗澡水的药。 其实主要成分就是BAKING SODA。
家庭护理上就是， 让孩子多休息，多喝水，穿透气的衣服， 不要让皮肤温度过高。。。不要让孩子抓，经常给孩子洗手。。涂药一天三次， 如果有发烧， 吃PARMOL。。。如果疹子化脓， 看医生要抗菌素。。。
中医是用银花， 甘草，煮凉茶喝。。
这种病， 是有预防针的 (唉， 知道的太晚)。。 但是政府不补贴。。如果妈妈们不想孩子生的话， 可以自费去GP那里打。。。。个人觉得花点钱值得， 孩子不受苦， 父母上班不用请假照顾孩子。。。
What is Chickenpox? Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly infectious disease caused by
human herpes virus type 3 (varicella-zoster virus). The illness begins with fever
and/or general unwellness for a day or two followed by a rash, which starts out
as small pimples, which change to blisters with a red base. The rash usually starts
on the head and then trunk and then moves to the limbs. f
How do you catch it? Chickenpox is spread by droplet infection (coughing and sneezing) and also by
direct contact with weeping blisters.
How Infectious is it? It is highly infectious, from up to 2 days before appearance of the rash until blisters
have crusted (usually about 5-7 days). If one person has chickenpox, about 85%
of their close contacts will get it too, unless they have already had the disease
(or the relevant vaccine).
Is it serious? Chickenpox is usually, but not always, a mild, self-limited disease in otherwise
healthy children. However the severity of disease and risk of complications can
be greater in adults. Complications can include severe tissue infection, low platelet
count, pneumonia and inflammation of the joints, kidneys and liver.
In New Zealand it is estimated in most years there are approximately 50,000
chickenpox infections, of which 150-200 result in hospitalisation, 1-2 cases result
in long-term disability or death, and 0.5-1 cases result in severe congenital varicella
syndrome. About two-thirds of the complications occur in otherwise healthy children,
and less than one-tenth in children with a disease associated with immune-suppression.
What are the risks? Chickenpox can cause severe and even fatal disease in immune suppressed individuals
(eg, children with acute leukaemia, or in those having steroid treatment in tablet or
injection form) and in pregnant women. Mortality in normal healthy children is less than
2 per 100,000 cases, increasing up to 15 fold in adults. The lesions may leave mild
scarring in some skin types. Shingles is a long-term complication that is not immediately
apparent but can appear decades after the disease.
Who is most at risk? Pregnant non-immune women. If a mother has chickenpox in weeks 8-20 of pregnancy,
there is a 1-2% chance of fetal abnormalities, eg scars, eye problems, poor growth,
underdevelopment of an arm or leg, small head size, delayed development or mental
retardation. (Some babies have only one of these defects, some have them all.)
There is a high risk of serious disease for the infant if the mother has chickenpox
between the 5th day before delivery, and two days afterwards.
How do you treat it? Try to prevent scratching and infection of blisters – give lukewarm
baths containing bicarbonate of soda or other anti-pruritic (anti-itching) medication
prescribed by your doctor. Keep the patient cool and give plenty of drinks.
How can you prevent it? A vaccine given by injection is available for those aged over 9 months. Most people
(95%) who have this vaccine will not get chicken pox, but if someone who has had the
vaccine does get chickenpox, it is usually very mild. The vaccine costs approximately
$60-$90 per dose. Also, if given within 3-5 days of exposure, the vaccine may prevent,
or will modify, the severity of chickenpox.
Who can have the vaccine? Children aged 9 months to 12 years inclusive (1 dose)
People 13 years of age and over. (2 doses at least 6 weeks apart) Adults who are
working with children and have never had chickenpox disease should consider vaccination.
The chicken pox vaccine is a Prescription Medicine. Discuss any further concerns/issues
with your doctor, nurse or local Immunisation Co-ordinator.
Who shouldn’t have the vaccine?- People with previous severe allergic reaction to:
- Gelatin
- Neomycin (an antibiotic)
- A previous dose of chickenpox vaccine - Pregnant women should wait until after giving birth before having the
vaccine and then they should not get pregnant for 3 months after having the vaccine. - People who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover
before having chickenpox vaccine
Who should ask specialist advice about the vaccine? People who live with a household member, who is immunocompromised and not immune to
chickenpox, should discuss options further with their doctor. Immunosuppressed non-immune
individuals can, rarely, get chickenpox transmitted from a vaccinee, and may be quite ill - as
they would if they caught chickenpox disease from anyone. So this can be a dilemma.
People should check with their doctor if they:
- Have HIV/AIDS or any disease that affects the immune system
- Are being treated with drugs that affect the immune system e.g. steroids, for 2 weeks
or more - Have any kind of cancer
- Are having cancer treatments with x-rays or drugs
- Have recently had a transfusion or have been given other blood products
What are the possible side effects from the vaccine? - Fever (1:10 or less)
- Mild rash - very rarely infectious (1:20 or less)
- Seizure caused by fever (1:1,000 or less)
- Pneumonia (extremely rare)
- Pain and/or swelling at injection site is not uncommon (1:5 children, 1:3 adults)
- This is an indication that the immune system has recognised, and is responding to,
the vaccine
How long does the protection from the vaccine last? Studies in Japan show protection more than 20 years after immunisation,
In the USA where the vaccine has not been in use as long, follow-up studies also show that
almost all vaccinated individuals remain immune.
[ 本帖最后由 prayer914 于 2008-10-30 21:49 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2008-10-27 14:24:49
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