大规模的华工入纽,起源于1860年奥塔哥金矿的开采,他们主要是从澳洲来到新西兰,跟现在中国人挤破头留在NZ相比,当时的大多数华人并不希望留在NZ,而是希望挣够了一定的财富就回国;当时NZ政府给他们所有人的旅居资格是:Temporary stay in place (暂居)
上张照片拍自1900年,Horse Flat, 奥塔哥中部,此人叫Tan Yin Ling.
这是1888年2月的,Ah Sam和Joe Shum,可能是果农.
2. 反华情绪:
反华情绪在当时确实挺空前高涨的;Kiwi认为主要有五个方面的因素:
Spreading disease. 华人带来传染病
Moral degeneracy. 他们腐化堕落
Promiscuous and immoral. 不道德,滥交
Materialistic and greedy. 贪婪,而且唯物主义
Belonging to an “alien race”. 归根到底,华人是外来种族
这个运动的出现,标志着NZ社会对于“黄祸”和“种族纯洁性”的关注. 《The Truth》说道:“The Chow element(我不知道翻译的对不对,The Chow element可能是当时对中国因素的蔑称)就好像癌症一样命中了我们的要害,我们的道德观正在缓慢的,不知不觉的覆灭中.”(The Chow element in New Zealand is like a cancer eating into the vitals of our moral being and slowly and insidiously encompassing the doom of its victim)
9月25日的警局笔录中这么记载,他说:“我对外国移民很有兴趣,我这么做的目的是得到大众的注意.”(“I take an interest in alien immigration and I took this means of bringing it under public notice”. Lionel Terry, Statement to police, 25 September 1905.)
之前,也就是9月24日,他在一封给市长的信里这么写:“我不允许我自己和我的英国兄弟们的权利因为这些外来侵略者的到来而被侵犯,今天晚上,在中国人的角落,我将判处一名中国佬死刑,这个城市将会因Haining Street而知名.”(“I will not allow my rights and those of my brother Britons to be jeopardised by alien invaders, and to make this decision perfectly plain, I have this evening put a Chinaman to death in the Chinese quarters of this city known as Haining Street.” Lionel Terry, Letter to the Governor, Lord Plunket, 24 September 1905.)
漫画“Will it come to this? ” 公车上的座儿都被中国人,印度人,土耳其人,黑人给占据了,Kiwi只能站着.
一群白人少女打扮成这模样,这就是白人至上主义者推崇的理想社会;大家注意那面英国国旗,其实新西兰的版块和英国很相似,白人至上主义者曾说过,要把新西兰打造成南半球的英国.(“…the Britain of the South…a land as British as the Motherland.” Governor-General, Lord Jellicoe.)
这里不得不提一下著名的“印度黑帮”(Indian Mafia), 其实这完全是子虚乌有的一个东西,但足以看出白人对印度人和中国人控制土地的不满,在一封信里,一个白人这么写:“他们就好像苍蝇那么多,他们控制了肥沃的土地,爬到城里开办了生意;他们就好像苍蝇一样繁衍. 总有一天,他们会加入毛利人,然后带来麻烦.”(“They are as thick as flies in Pukekohe and they are getting control of all the good land and creeping into businesses in town, they breed like flies and in time to come will join up with the Maori and cause trouble.” Letter, quoted in Jacqueline Leckie, “In Defence of Race and Empire”, p. 124)
1925年,一个叫“The White New Zealand League”的组织在Pukekohe成立了,他们很重要的一个宗旨就是把NZ建立成一个白人的国家,他们有一些很具歧视性的想法,并且做过这么一些事情:
"Our immigration is based on the principle that we are and intend to remain a country of European development. It is inevitably discriminatory against Asians –indeed against all persons who are not wholly of European race and colour. Whereas we have done much to encourage immigration from Europe, we do everything to discourage [it] from Asia."