The "bookkeeper of Auschwitz", convicted as an accessory to the murder of 300,000 people, has died before starting his jail term.
Oskar Groening was 96 and died in hospital. In 2015 he became one of the last people to be convicted over Nazi Germany's slaughter of millions during World War II.
Groening had yet to begin his four-year jail term for being an accessory to the murder of 300,000 of the concentration camp's roughly 1 million victims.
Groening, a former Nazi SS officer, did not kill anyone himself while working at the camp in Nazi-occupied Poland, but the lower court ruled he helped support those responsible for mass murder through various actions, including by sorting bank notes seized from trainloads of arriving Jews.