超一段wiki上的解释你就明白了
Most speedometers have tolerances of some ±10%, mainly due to variations in tire diameter.[citation needed] Sources of error due to tire diameter variations are wear, temperature, pressure, vehicle load, and nominal tire size. Vehicle manufacturers usually calibrate speedometers to read high by an amount equal to the average error, to ensure that their speedometers never indicate a lower speed than the actual speed of the vehicle, to ensure they are not liable for drivers violating speed limits.[citation needed]
Excessive speedometer error after manufacture can come from several causes but most commonly is due to nonstandard tire diameter, in which case the error is
Nearly all tires now have their size shown as "T/A_W" on the side of the tire (See: Tire code), and the tire's
\mbox {Diameter in millimetres} = 2 \times T \times A / 100 + W \times 25.4
\mbox {Diameter in inches} = T \times A / 1270 + W
For example, a standard tire is "185/70R14" with diameter = 2*185*(70/100)+(14*25.4) = 614.6 mm (185x70/1270 + 14 = 24.20 in). Another is "195/50R15" with 2*195*(50/100)+(15*25.4) = 576.0 mm (195x50/1270 + 15 = 22.68 in). Replacing the first tire (and wheels) with the second (on 15" = 381 mm wheels), a speedometer reads 100 * (1-(576/614.6)) = 100 * (1 - 22.68/24.20) = 6.28% higher than the actual speed. At an actual speed of 100 km/h (60 mph), the speedometer will indicate 100 x 1.0628 = 106.28 km/h (60 * 1.0628 = 63.77 mph), approximately.
In the case of wear, a new "185/70R14" tyre of 620 mm (24.4 inch) diameter will have ~8 mm tread depth, at legal limit this reduces to 1.6 mm, the difference being 12.8 mm in diameter or 0.5 inches which is 2% in 620 mm (24.4 inches).作者: VWV 时间: 2014-10-28 22:02:38