What you need is a special link.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:21:32
Anonymous 发表于 2012-11-16 19:20
What you need is a special link.
what link :O how do you know all this haha作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:46:05
The Pont du Gard is a bridge that was built to carry a water channel or specus across the river Gard, in the south of France.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:48:02
Although it now serves as a modern roadway, the Pont du Gard was originally a functioning section of a much larger aqueduct system that was designed to supply water to the Roman colony of Nemausus, modern Nimes.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:49:04
The source of the water was a series of springs located more than 50 kilometres away, near a town called Uzes, and the water was carried in underground pipes or in a channel supported by a series of low walls.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:49:27
It was only when the stream of water had to cross rivers or gorges that bridge-aqueducts like the Pont du Gard became necessary.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:49:52
Augustus' son-in-law, Marcus Agrippa, commissioned this extensive and complex engineering feat sometime between 20 and 16 BC.作者: 淇淇5277 时间: 2012-11-16 20:50:35
Anonymous 发表于 2012-11-16 20:12
x factor time to go
omg my favourite. 你看第几季?最新的?作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:55:11
The problem faced by Roman architects who built aqueduct systems like the one that supplied water to Nimes was that they had to construct a channel placed on an incline that was steady enough to ensure that the water flowed freely to its destination.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:55:46
Gravity was the chief power source in such structures and it worked admirably in the case of Agrippa's system:作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:56:10
the incline was so steady that the level of the channel dropped by no more than 17 metres over the entire length of the aqueduct.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:56:34
The Pont du Gard is 275 metres long and 48.77 metres high.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:57:03
The water channel, which runs along the top layer of the structure, is supported by three tiers of arches based on a simple series of proportions.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:57:49
Rising from both banks of the river Gardon are five cut-stone piers which support the six massive arches that make up the base of the structure.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 20:58:12
These arches support the remaining tiers as well as the modern roadway.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:01:25
To allow for flooding of the normally shallow river, the foundation of each of the piers has been strengthened and the central archway has been slightly widened to 24.52 metres as opposed to 15.54 metres.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:01:54
This allows for the increased water flow.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:02:26
The wider central arch spans the river entirely so that it is not necessary for any of its support piers actually to sit in the river bed.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:13:38
This cuts down on the effects of erosion caused by running water.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:14:42
In a feature which has to do as much with aesthetics as with structural integrity, where they meet, the 11 arches in the second tier have been set directly above those in the base.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:15:08
The attention to detail is such that where the arch of the second tier spans the Gard, it too has been lengthened to match the 82 feet of the span below.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:15:36
This structural rhythm continues into the top tier, which is composed of 35 arches, each of which is 4.56 metres in length.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:16:02
There are three of these smaller arches to every one of the larger, 51-foot arches below.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:16:26
本帖最后由 keamy 于 2012-11-16 20:16 编辑
The central, 82-foot span across the Gard has four smaller arches above it, so that the vertical proportions which characterise the aqueduct are complete.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:17:13
In an effort to cut down on the wind resistance of the structure, each tier in the aqueduct is set slightly in form the one below.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:17:35
The Pont du Gard is constructed chiefly of large blocks of cut stone that have been laid together without the use of any mortar or clamps.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:18:10
The sections of rough masonry protruding from the sides of the intermediate layer were used initially to hold scaffolding during the construction of the aqueduct.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:18:33
After the Pont du Gard had been completed, they were left in position so that workmen would be able to carry out future repairs.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:19:01
Pont du Gard 笔记都在了……作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:25:03
The Temple of Bachus is one of several major structures located at Baalbek in modern Lebanon.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:25:50
The site of Baalbek also includes a massive sanctuary dedicated to Jupiter Heliopolitanis, complete with temple, colonnaded courtyards and elaborate propylaea (gates) as well as a small circular temple dedicated to the goddess Venus.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:26:26
At the height of the city's power, under the Roman Empire, this religious complex was one of the most magnificent in the ancient world.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:27:43
The site of Baalbek, located on a broad plateau in the Bekaa Valley, is an ancient one.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:28:08
Excavations have shown that the current Roman structures are simply part of a series that date back as far as the sixth century BC.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:28:34
Before the Hellenistic and Roman occupation, Baalbek was the centre of worship for a triad of Syrian agricultural deities.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:28:58
Chief amongst these was the thunder god Baal and his sanctuary serviced the nearby coastal ports of Tyre, Sidon and Byblos.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:29:34
During the centuries that followed, Baalbek's continual occupation as a holy site led to a complex series of religious and cultural usurpation, which all left some mark on the site.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:30:11
During the Hellenistics period, under the influence of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, Baalbek was re-named "Heliopolis" and the Syrian deities were absorbed into the Greek Pantheon.作者: keamy 时间: 2012-11-16 21:30:37
Baal as the leading male deity was equated with Zeus, the king of the gods.